Quote:
Originally Posted by Raider Ronnie
So what did Roger Maris use to gain the edge and break Babe Ruth's home run record for a season ?
How about Willy Mays, Don Dimagigo, Mantle, Ted Williams, ect.... What were they on ?
|
What were they testing for back then?
"A participant in an endurance walking race in Britain, Abraham Wood, said in
1807 that he had used
laudanum, or opium, to keep him awake for 24 hours while competing against Robert Barclay Allardyce"
"Thomas Hicks, an American born in England on January 7, 1875, won the Olympic marathon in
1904. He crossed the line behind a fellow American Fred Lorz, who had been transported for 11 miles of the course by his trainer, leading to his disqualification. However, Hicks's trainer Charles Lucas, pulled out a syringe and came to his aid as his runner began to struggle.
I therefore decided to inject him with a milligram of
sulphate of strychnine and to make him drink a large glass brimming with brandy. He set off again as best he could [but] he needed another injection four miles from the end to give him a semblance of speed and to get him to the finish.[10]
The use of strychnine, at the time, was thought necessary to survive demanding races, according to sports historians Alain Lunzenfichter"
"The fascination with six-day bicycle races spread across the Atlantic and the same appeal brought in the crowds in America as well. And the more spectators paid at the gate, the higher the prizes could be and the greater was the incentive of riders to stay awake—or be kept awake—to ride the greatest distance. Their exhaustion was countered by soigneurs (the French word for "carers"), helpers akin to seconds in boxing. Among the treatments they supplied was
nitroglycerine, a drug used to stimulate the heart after cardiac attacks and which was credited with improving riders' breathing. Riders suffered hallucinations from the exhaustion and perhaps the drugs."
"The father of anabolic steroids in the United States was John Ziegler (1917–1983), a physician for the U.S. weightlifting team in the mid-20th century. Ziegler learned from his Russian days that the Soviet weightlifting team's success was due to their use of performance-enhancing drugs. Deciding that U.S. athletes needed chemical assistance to remain competitive, Ziegler worked with the CIBA Pharmaceutical Company to develop an oral anabolic steroid. This resulted in the creation of
methandrostenolone, which appeared on the market in
1960. During the Olympics that year, the Danish cyclist Knud Enemark Jensen collapsed and died while competing in the 100-kilometer (62-mile) race. An autopsy later revealed the presence of amphetamines and a drug called nicotinyl tartrate in his system."
"The American specialist in doping, Max M. Novich, wrote: "Trainers of the old school who supplied treatments which had
cocaine as their base declared with assurance that a rider tired by a six-day race would get his second breath after absorbing these mixtures." John Hoberman, a professor at the University of Texas in Austin, Texas, said six-day races were "de facto experiments investigating the physiology of stress as well as the substances that might alleviate exhaustion."