BAD NEWS!!

[macojoe]

Chesapeake Bay’s rockfish overrun by disease
Scientists don’t know how or why the bacterium appeared or its implications
BY ELIZABETH WILLIAMSON THE WASHINGTON POST


WASHINGTON — A wasting disease that kills rockfish and can cause a severe skin infection in humans has spread to nearly three-quarters of the rockfish in the Chesapeake Bay, cradle of the mid-Atlantic’s most popular game fish.
The mycobacteriosis epidemic could carry profound implications for the rockfish, also known as striped bass.
The fish fuel a $300 million industry in Maryland and Virginia, but because the bacteria kill slowly, effects on the stock are only now emerging.
The disease also sends a grim message about the entire Bay ecosystem. The rockfish remains Bay conservationists’ only success story – a species nearly wiped out, then revived by fishing limits.
As the number of rockfish surged, the fish remained in a body of water too polluted to support the level of life it once did. That made them vulnerable to a malady researchers did not see coming – a signal, some scientists say, that controlling fish harvests is no longer enough to ensure long-term survival of a species. “We used to think that if you got hold of fishing, all your problems would be solved,” said James Uphoff Jr., a biologist at the Maryland Department of Natural Resources. “But now all these ecological problems crop up, and we don’t understand them.”
Nearly a decade after mycobacteriosis first appeared, scientists remain utterly baffled about its implications, including those for humans. Researchers know that the Chesapeake, where most rockfish spawn, also breeds the bacterium and is the epicenter of the disease. They don’t know how or why it appeared, whether it will spread to other species or if the infection it causes is always fatal.
A new study suggests that since the illness was discovered among Bay rockfish, nonfishing mortality among them has tripled in the upper Bay. Scientists cannot explain why, at the same time, anglers are catching plenty of fish.
In humans who touch the fish, the microbe can cause a skin infection known as fish handler’s disease, which is not life-threatening but can lead to joint problems similar to arthritis if untreated.
Watermen say the only sick fish they see are in small, overcrowded rivers and streams.
The netting season that ended Feb. 28 “was a super-good season as far as catching, and a good season as far as the price,” said Larry Simns, president of the Maryland Watermen’s Association.
With no evidence of health risk from eating the fish, watermen say, prices have remained stable.
At Ristorante Tosca in downtown Washington, “Some people ask, ‘Is it safe?’” chef Massimo Fabbri said of the rockfish on the menu.
Such questions have prompted Fabbri to buy the restaurant’s wild rockfish from Northern Europe and Ecuador, paying about three times what he would for local bass. “Wouldn’t you?” he asked.
As researchers test a long list of hypotheses, they say their search for the bacterium’s source and implications highlights the limitations of modern science when pitted against the complexities of nature.
“Scientists attempt to unravel things (and) are supposed to follow the information wherever it leads us,” said Victor Crecco of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, author of the mortality study. “We’re going to have to do more work to explain these contradictions.”
For centuries, striped bass fishing has been as rich in lore as it was in quality. In ideal conditions, rockfish can live up to 30 years: The biggest on record was a 125-pound female, landed off North Carolina in 1891.
In this region, charter boat operators tell of swimsuit-wearing amateurs landing dozens of the silver-scaled fighters in a day – the fish longer than one’s arm, bellies made fat on the teeming schools of menhaden that are a chief food source.
Most rockfish begin their lives in the rivers feeding the Bay. When they are 3 to 6 years old, they begin their journeys to the Atlantic Ocean, where they range as far north as Canada. At spawning time, most return to their birthplace.
An infected rockfish can appear outwardly healthy. Inside, the bacteria settle first in its spleen. The creature builds walls of scar tissue in fighting it, but the infection spreads to other organs.
The rockfish loses weight, even as its insides swell, and it often develops sores. At some point – researchers do not know exactly when – it dies.
In the Bay, “by age 1, 11 percent are infected. By age 2, it’s 19 percent,” said researcher Mark Matsche of the Maryland DNR. He cannot go beyond that – by the third year, some fish have left the Bay for open water. There is no way to see the infection’s progress without dissecting the fish.
About the same time the first diseased fish appeared, some researchers grew concerned about a possible link to fish handler’s disease.
In Maryland, 18 cases of the skin condition were reported in 2000. In 2004, there were 46.
The mycobacteria strain that causes the skin disease has been found only in a small percentage of diseased fish.
Michele Monti, director of the Waterborne Hazards Control Program at the Virginia Department of Health, said the fish handler’s bacterium can also lead to other problems, including swollen lymph glands or lung disease.
Tracking the potential effect on humans is more difficult because the states do not require that the disease be reported.
So, Monti said, the low number of cases “could either be because there’s not a lot of it out there … or they haven’t gotten it diagnosed.”
In the mid-1980s, rockfish numbers were so decimated by overfishing that Atlantic coastal states imposed a moratorium. Populations surged, and by 1995 the fishing ban ended.
Wildlife officials call the restoration a rare triumph amid the pollution, overfishing and disease that threaten blue crabs, oysters and other species.
Less than two years after victory was declared, the first diseased rockfish landed on Bay shores.
James Price of the Chesapeake Bay Ecological Foundation said studies show that declines in the amount of menhaden in the rockfish diet coincide with the appearance of the disease.
“It’s logical,” he said, “but nobody has any way to connect it.”

[NIB]

Have seen em like this when they first started to appear we called em popcorn bass.Was sad to see they looked like a bass with very bad acne.This is just what we need.

[baldwin]

This disease isn't that new, I've been mentioning it in my conservation reports for years. As with most environmental problems, it was ignored until it is becoming so large we can't avoid its effects. The bacterium itself was probably always in the bay, but infection was able to be staved off by the immune systems of healthy fish.
I suspect two factors that lead to this infection causing disease in the fish. The first is lack of a sufficient high-energy food source. Thank Omega Protein for the continued overfishing of menhaden from the bay (and our politicians for allowing it). The second factor is pollution in the Chesapeake. Every fishery in the bay, except for striped bass, has been decimated in recent years, as have other ecosystem components. Blue crabs and oysters once supported huge fisheries in the Chesapeake. Today, they are in trouble, along with the aquatic vegetation that helps form the base of the bay's food chain.
I've said before that I believe the bay ecosystem is on the verge of
collapse. Chemical-laden industrial effluent is not the only type of pollutant choking the bay. Nitrogen loading from point source and non-point sources such as lawn and agricultural fertilizers and human waste treatment plants leads to low oxygen in the waters and overabundance of algae. Reduced menhaden numbers leads to less algae being filtered from the bay. This can lead to hypoxia as algae die and are metabolized by bacteria, and reduces sunlight levels reaching the bottom, reducing biological productivity in grass beds.
Unfortunately, we all know how the powers that be respond to problems such as these. They order years of research studies to be done, while the problem grows in the meantime. Studies funded by industry will counter those conducted by those who have environmental interests in mind. More studies are ordered. Then, when the evidence is indisputable, laws are passed which do the bare minimum necessary to convince the public that something is being done about the problem, without actually inconveniencing industry enough to make a difference.
If bass populations crash, then are brought back to half what they are now, they'll call it an environmental success.
Nobody can be sure what the future will bring, but I'm expecting that things will get MUCH worse before they get better. I hope I'm wrong.

[macojoe]

Will this stuff move here with all the migrating fish??

[baldwin]

I don't know whether it will be established here in nonmigratory fish, but fish coming up here will have in in/on them. Have you noticed fish with fuzzy white stuff on them, or with open lesions in areas where they winter in tight concentrations? Places like power plant outflows?
I wonder if this type of thing is found in those fish wintering in the Thames. Anyone know?

[striprman]

I remember seeing something a few years ago about some kind of rodent (from South America) had gotten into the eco system in the bay areas marshes and grasses, and were causing extensive erosion... or something like that... anyone ever seen or heard of that ?