All Done With Envirotex!

[justplugit]

Karl, that is a great idea with the baby bottle warmer Do they still sell those things? Slip,your out of control You got a 9.9 Honda powering that thing

[BigFish]

Always looking F-18.

[gone fishin]

make the wheel Larry - I can coat 24 plugs in about 1/2 hour with the wheel. We don't want to be sending wishes to the hospital.

catch you on the beach!!

[BigFish]

I already have the low rpm motor...so I will give it a go!

[NIB]

BBJ. are isocyanate an cyanoacrytates the stuff in zap a gap similarly dangerous i use the stuff all the time on my jigs.

[Backbeach Jake]

Oh crap! Never thought of that, NIB! Time to do a search.

[Backbeach Jake]

What I found:NCOH/SORDSA


ISOCYANATES: Health Hazards
and Precautions

SORDSA ALERT: 1998




WARNING !!!

Workers exposed to diisocyanates may develop serious or fatal respiratory disease.



BACKGROUND

HEALTH EFFECTS OF ISOCYANATES

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS

ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL EXPOSURE

RECOMMENDATIONS

APPENDIX A Diisocyanate Synonyms
APPENDIX B List of AIAs for the Monitoring of Chemical Stress Factors:
APPENDIX C Further Information about Isocyanates
APPENDIX D Compensation Advice
APPENDIX E Personal Protective Equipment Suppliers:


BACKGROUND
Isocyanates are a group of low molecular weight aromatic and aliphatic compounds containing the isocyanate group (-NCO). In industry isocyanates are used for the production of polyurethanes, polymers formed by the urethane links of the -NCO groups with the hydroxyl (OH) groups of polyols. Since at least two -NCO groups are required for this reaction, diisocyanates are the principle monomers. They are widely used in the manufacture of flexible and rigid foams, fibres, coatings such as paints and varnishes, and elastomers. Diisocyanates are increasingly used in the automobile industry, autobody repair and building insulation materials.

The most common diisocyantes are toluene diisocyanate (TDI), methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyante (IPDI). Appendix A lists commonly used synonyms for these four diisocyanates.

The major route of occupational exposure to isocyanates is by inhalation of the vapour or aerosol; exposure may also occur through skin contact during the handling of liquid isocyanates. Occupational exposure to isocyanates via the lungs, skin and eyes can occur at the supplier level during the production of raw isocyanates and formulation of isocyanate products; at the manufacturing level during pouring, weighing, stirring, mixing and foaming when producing polyurethane products; and at the level of the end user during combustion of isocyanate containing compounds in sand moulding and welding, or when applying coatings or producing do-it-yourself foam. Other exposures can occur from accidents such as spillage or fire during handling, storage or transport. The most important form of exposure is to the isocyanate vapour and aerosols. TDI and MDI, which are low in molecular weight, are highly volatile at ambient temperature, but for all isocyanates, heating, pressure or lack of ventilation can result in significant human exposure. Aerosols generated in spraying are a particularly important source of occupational exposure. Finally, polyurethane dust that results from cutting foam may also be a source of occupational exposure.



HEALTH EFFECTS OF ISOCYANATES
Irritation

Isocyanates are powerful irritants to the mucous membranes of the eyes, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Exposure usually manifests in symptoms such as excessive tear secretion, dry throat, dry cough, chest pains and difficulty in breathing. Direct skin contact with isocyanates can also cause marked inflammation and dermatitis. Sensitization of the skin can occur however this is rare. If the liquid splashes into the eyes, serious chemical conjunctivitis may occur. Respiratory irritation may progress to a chemical bronchitis with severe bronchospasm.


Sensitization and Asthma

Isocyanates can also sensitize workers, making them subject to asthma attacks if they are exposed again, even to concentrations below the occupational exposure limit. Owing to their wide usage, isocyantes have become one of the main causes of occupational asthma worldwide. Death from severe asthma in sensitized subjects has been reported.


Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Sporadic cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis have also been reported in workers exposed to isocyanates. Individuals with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis typically develop symptoms 4 to 6 hours after exposure. Symptoms are often flu-like, with fever, muscle aches and headaches. Symptoms may also include a dry cough, chest tightness and difficult breathing. Individuals with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis often experience progressively more difficult breathing, fatigue and weight loss.


Cancer

The carcinogenic effects of TDI have been investigated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The IARC concluded that the data were sufficient to show that TDI causes cancer in animals. The WHO concluded that TDI should be treated as a potential human carcinogen.



MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE
Medical surveillance should be provided to all workers exposed to diisocyanates in the workplace. Preplacement examinations including a comprehensive medical and work history, with special emphasis on pre-existing respiratory conditions and smoking history should be performed. A physical examination with emphasis on the respiratory system, chest x-ray, and baseline spirometry should be included. The worker should also be judged fit to use a respirator. Annual periodic examinations consisting of interim medical and work histories, a physical examination and pre- and post-shift or workweek spirometry should be performed.



OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS
The Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) utilised in South Africa are listed in the Department of Labour Regulations for Hazardous Chemical Substances (Annexure 1). They are taken from the OELs utilised in the UK by the Health & Safety Executive (HSE). The HSE OELs for isocyanates-in-air are set at a level to minimise respiratory sensitization.

The 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) Occupational Exposure Limit - Control Limit (TWA OEL-CL) for all isocyantes (as -NCO) is 0.02 mg/m3 3 .

The 15 minute TWA Short Term OEL-CL for all isocyantes (as -NCO) is 0.07 mg/m3.

The OELs for isocyanates are given the Notation "Sen" - capable of causing respiratory sensitisation.

NOTE: Isocyanates have poor odour thresholds. For example TDI is not normally detected by odour until the concentration is 5 to 10 times the TWA OEL-CL.



ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL EXPOSURE
In order to safeguard the health and safety of workers, employers are required under the Regulations for Hazardous Chemical Substances (HCSs) to carry out an initial risk assessment and repeat this at least every two years to determine whether any worker might possibly be exposed to HCSs in the workplace. Where the assessment shows that worker exposure to airborne isocyanates is likely to occur, then an employer shall ensure that a measurement programme for the airborne isocyanates is carried out. This programme should be conducted by an Approved Inspection Authority (AIA) or a person whose competence to carry out air monitoring has been verified by an AIA. A list of AIAs who may offer a service to measure exposure to airborne isocyanates is included in Appendix B.

A standard method for sampling isocyanates-in-air involves the use of midget impingers with a "trapping" solution and subsequent instrumental or colourimetric analysis.

Exposure should preferably be monitored by means of personal sampling techniques. If extensive reliance is placed on static sampling, it will be necessary to show that the results can be used to give a reliable estimation of personal exposure.

Direct reading instruments are obtainable which respond to airborne concentrations of some isocyanate compounds. Care should be taken in interpreting the readings from such instruments where exposure to mixed isocyanates, isocyanate aerosols or isocyanate dusts occurs. Some direct reading instruments do not respond to all free isocyanates and may underestimate exposures.



RECOMMENDATIONS
Exposure to isocyanates should be prevented. Where this cannot be achieved, exposure should be kept as low as is reasonably practicable below the OELs.

Substitution

Where feasible, employers should substitute a less hazardous material for the isocyanate in use.


Closed Systems and Ventilation

Engineering controls such as closed systems and exhaust ventilation should be the principal method for minimizing isocyanate exposure in the workplace. Exhaust ventilation with air cleaning systems should be designed to capture and contain vapours and particulates. The efficacy of ventilation systems should be checked at least every 3 months and recorded.


Worker Isolation

Entry to areas containing isocyanates should be restricted to essential workers. If feasible, these workers should avoid direct contact with these chemicals by using automated equipment operated from a control booth or room with separate ventilation.


Administrative Control Measures

To minimise the emission of isocyanates and worker contact with isocyanates, limit the amount of isocyanate materials in use, restrict the period during which workers are exposed, and lay down good work procedures and instructions. Ensure that the work procedures and instructions are complied with.


Personal Protective Equipment

When there is a potential for isocyanate exposure, workers should be provided with and required to use appropriate personal protective equipment such as coveralls, footwear, chemical-resistant gloves and goggles, full faceshields, and suitable respiratory protective equipment.

Respiratory Protective Equipment

The use of respirators is the least preferred method of controlling worker exposures. Respirators should not be used as a primary control for routine operations. The Regulations for HCSs recognizes, however, that respirators may be used during situations such as the implementation of engineering controls, some short-duration maintenance procedures and emergencies. Only the most effective respirators should be used for situations involving exposures to isocyanates because they generally have poor warning properties, are potent sensitizers, and may be carcinogenic. Respiratory protective equipment should always be adequate in terms of the protection it affords and suitable for the circumstances of use. Such equipment for use when exposed to isocyanates would usually mean a properly designed and fitted full facepiece self-contained or compressed air-line breathing apparatus. In some circumstances half-mask compressed air-line breathing apparatus may be acceptable. Where isocyanates are present in the working atmosphere as vapours only, and if there is no risk of oxygen deficiency, full facepiece canister respirators may be acceptable.

Half mask respirators are available for vapours and mists of isocyanates associated with polyurethane paints when air concentrations are not more than 10X the OEL.

Lightweight airline fed masks and visors have been developed specifically for spray painting operations with panoramic vision and replaceable over-visors.

The respirator programme must, at a minimum, meet the requirements set out in the Regulations for HCSs. Regulation 11(2) requires that where respiratory protective equipment is provided, the employer shall ensure-

that the relevant equipment is capable of controlling the exposure to below the OEL for the relevant HCS;

that the relevant equipment is correctly selected and properly used;

that information, instructions, training and supervision which is necessary with regard to the use of the equipment is known to the employees; and

that the equipment is kept in good condition and efficient working order.


All workers who have to use respiratory protective equipment should be specifically trained in the use of the equipment supplied and have the limitations of use explained to them. The programme should be evaluated regularly and modified if necessary to meet the above requirements.

Where workers use respirators then respirator zones should be demarcated. Respirator zones are areas in which approved respirators must be worn.

Information and Training

All workers whose work may involve exposure to isocyanates should be fully and carefully instructed as to the nature of the hazards and the precautions to be observed. Particular attention should be paid to ensuring that workers understand the circumstances in which protective clothing and respiratory protective equipment should be worn. Attention should be given to ensure that isocyanate containers are properly labelled and that suitable Material Safety Data Sheets are available.

Workers should be advised on the need for good personal hygiene and not to take contaminated overalls or safety equipment home. Workers should be encouraged to report persistent respiratory symptoms or decline in effort tolerance early.

First aid

Splashes of isocyanate on the skin of the worker or his/her clothes should receive prompt attention as indicated:

eyes - wash out with copious amounts of clean water;

skin - wash with soap and water;

contamination of clothing - remove all contaminated clothing, wash the skin preferably under a shower with soap and water, wash the contaminated clothing.


Following any cases of gross personal exposure or contamination, prompt medical attention should be sought.

Decontamination and Waste Disposal

Procedures for decontamination, waste disposal and transport should be established for isocyanate-contaminated materials or equipment.

Eating, Smoking and Drinking

Nobody may drink, eat or smoke in an isocyanate respirator zone nor keep beverages, food or tobacco in such a respirator zone.

Exposure Monitoring

Each employer who manufactures, transports, packages, stores, or uses isocyanates or products containing isocyanates should determine whether the potential exists for worker exposure, and whether monitoring of exposure to isocyanates-in-air is required.


Medical Monitoring

A medical monitoring programme should be established for the early detection and prevention of the acute and chronic effects of exposure to isocyanates. The worker’s physician should be given information about the adverse health effects of exposure to isocyanates and the worker’s potential for exposure.

[Backbeach Jake]

And for "Superglues"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Methyl-2-cyanoacrylate CAS 137-05-3
CH2=C(CN)COOCH3 RTECS AS7000000
Synonyms & Trade Names
Mecrylate, Methyl cyanoacrylate, Methyl alpha-cyanoacrylate, Methyl ester of 2-cyanoacrylic acid DOT ID & Guide

Exposure
Limits NIOSH REL: TWA 2 ppm (8 mg/m3) ST 4 ppm (16 mg/m3)
OSHA PEL†: none
IDLH N.D. Conversion 1 ppm = 4.54 mg/m3
Physical Description
Colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
MW: 111.1
BP: ?
FRZ: ?
Sol: 30%

VP(77°F): 0.2 mmHg
IP: ?

Sp.Gr(81°F): 1.10

Fl.P: 174°F
UEL: ?
LEL: ?


Class IIIA Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 140°F and below 200°F.
Incompatibilities & Reactivities
Moisture [Note: Contact with moisture causes rapid polymerization.]
Measurement Methods
OSHA 55
Personal Protection & Sanitation
Skin: Prevent skin contact
Eyes: Prevent eye contact
Wash skin: Daily
Remove: No recommendation
Change: No recommendation
Provide: Eyewash
First Aid (See procedures)
Eye: Irrigate immediately
Skin: Water wash
Breathing: Respiratory support
Swallow: Medical attention immediately

Respirator Recommendations To be added later
Exposure Routes inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Symptoms Irritation eyes, skin, nose; blurred vision, lacrimation (discharge of tears); rhinitis
Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system

It strikes me odd that the first of these posts , a copy/paste is from South Africa and is very thorough. In fact I deleted a few appendeces. This one is from the USA and not quite as thorough, I feel. My conclusion is that Auto Urethane is deadly. When they say not to take your coveralls home, they say a lot. It's a wonder that I'm still alive.

:

[nightfighter]

Any comments on using West System on plugs? I always have that on hand and don't see much mention of it for this application.

[Slipknot]

Ross, West system is a fine epoxy for plugs. Too expensive for me though.


BBJ, that is very scary and disturbing When this job is done and out of the shop, I will never get any more of the urethane paints again
and I will toss the suit and resp. cartriges as well. Crap, even sanding the primer is going to be trouble

this quote scares me - "Death from severe asthma in sensitized subjects has been reported."
Toulene is some nasty stuff too, that is what the paint I have has in it.

[BigFish]

All this info makes you want to fish bare wood!

[Backbeach Jake]

Something that I should have mentioned is that nearly all finishes and chemicals sold in this country have a toll-free number on the back of the can for information. This is for information of reactivity with the user. Any questions should be directed there. Whether they actually help or not, welll....

[metallip]

CK TOSEE IF THEY MAKE A UV INHIBITOUR IT WILL STOP IT FROM YELLOWING JUST A FEW DROPS